Obsessively, Compulsively Chasing Tail Is An Irritating Habit


Obsessively, compulsively  chasing tail is an irritating habit that dog owners have to put up with. It seems that dogs share with us humans the problems of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). So the question is: are dogs a good model for this type of human behavior? The response to medication, such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors, apparently suggests that they may be.

In last weeks Public Library of Science, Tiira et al chose 368 dogs from 4 breeds that seem to have a greater propensity for seeing tail and thinking “must catch it” (1). German Shepherd and 3 types of Bull Terrier were the breed candidates. They utilized character and environmental factors to compare inveterate tail chasers with non-tail chasers.

Personality-wise, shyer dogs were more likely to be tail chasers, as were those living alone or in a house with no children. So, boredom early on may have triggered the onset. Vitamin B6 and C are good supplements to give your dog as these resulted in a lowered incidence of tail chasing. Genetic analysis didn’t pick up anything significant, so we can’t blame their moms and dads.

However, there was a correlation from being taken away from their mom too early. So does that mean that OCD in humans can be encouraged by early return to work using poor quality childcare? Neutering didn’t have much effect although there was a small effect for females who were heavily into OCD, but that isn’t an option for people. Vitamin supplements would be though and lots of fun stimulation might both work their magic.

You’ve got to catch them early though – its too late for some of today’s politicos who seem determined to chase their tails (or someone else’s if it becomes on offer and vitamin supplements won’t help).
 

http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0041684


Fungal Farming


Fungal farming is not limited to humans growing mushroom, but the insect world also partake. Some social insects have taken up farming as a healthy occupation, which keeps them all fed. Some ants herd and milk aphids, moving them around and protecting them as good husbandry demands.

Fungal farming is a more popular enterprise, but it usually demands heavy levels of cooperation in collecting materials and managing the fungal farms. It is therefore unusual to find a non-social insect which is a fungal farmer.

Specifically, Toki et al have been checking out the lifestyle choices of the lizard beetle Doubledaya bucculenta who are solitary creatures, but are also keen fungal farmers (1). They have a very different strategy from the large fungal farms found in say a leaf cutters nest for example. In contrast, they work with the concept that small is beautiful and they are quite successful in keeping their kids fed.

They bore a hole in a bamboo stem and deposit an egg, but they are very busy parents and don’t have time to tend, turn and fuss over their offspring. So the also inject the spores of a specific fungus and seal the hole. By the time the egg hatches a goodly crop of fungus is growing and the larvae can grow in seclusion with its own personal garden.

The fungus of choice is Wickerhammomyces anomalus and this symbiotic relationship (perhaps mutualism is better) has been going on for a very long time. Interesting that many of us like to beetle around in our own little plots without feeling the need to become farmers.

  1. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0041893




Being Useful In Old Age By Exploding Into Action


Being useful in old age by exploding into action is a tack taken by the worker caste of termites of the Neocarpritermes taracua persuasion. Termites are social insects and have a soldier caste of big girls with big mandibles to ward off invaders and keep the colony safe and allow the workers go about their business collecting food, bringing up larvae, and keeping the place tidy.

In the end, we all get old and termite workers do too.  Šobotnik et al have just published a study of N taracua from their work in French Guiana. They noticed that the old workers were showing their age not by wrinkles or gravity taking over, but by little blue pouches showing up on their backs. These aren’t just age spots, though. They are copper-protein crystals forming in little backpacks.

Blue backpacks have a purpose. These oldies march to the fore to help the soldiers deter invaders. When they reach the front line, the grab an invader and become a suicide bomber by exploding. Other termite species explode too, but these are special.
 
The explosions mix the contents of the backpacks with the contents of the salivary glands. Now this two-part mix doesn’t just produce a sticky goo, but turns it into a deadly toxic killer goo.

The older they get, the more deadly they become. Need to watch out for those oldies, especially if you plan a hostile takeover of an adjacent termite enterprise.

  1. http://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6093/436
  2. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19001083